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Background: Work?related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are the second most common cause of disability, accounting for 17% of all Years lived with a disability (YLDs) worldwide. Healthcare professionals, especially dentists, are known to be at a higher risk of WMSDs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the point and period prevalence of WMSDs among dentists and to assess the risk factors for WMSDs, including workstation analysis. Methods: This cross?sectional study was conducted among 120 dentists from three dental colleges in Gujarat (Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar), India. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and occupational history along with pre?validated standardized tools such as the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) score sheet and Quick Exposure Checklist (QEC). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: The period prevalence of MSDs and WMSDs were 85% and 75.8% respectively, and the point prevalence was 39.2% and 23.3% respectively. Prosthodontists reported the highest prevalence of WMSDs. The neck (64.7%) was the most commonly affected area. A statistically significant result was obtained between MSDs and BMI (P = 0.02), qualification (P = 0.01) and between WMSDs and duration of work in the sitting posture (P = 0.03). Conclusions: The prevalence of both MSDs and WMSDs was found to be high. Dentists with higher BMI, higher qualifications, lack of breaks, having poor workstations and higher REBA and QEC scores, whose job tasks involve continuous inspection, frequent bending of elbow joints, frequent repetitive motions, tasks that require them to reach distances greater than 20 inches and tasks that involve twisting of the waist are at a higher risk of developing MSDs
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Objective: To explore the relevant factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among dentists through Meta analysis, providing a basis for the prevention and control of WMSDs among dentists. Methods: In April 2022, cross-sectional research literatures on the prevalence correlation of WMSDs among Chinese dentists were searched in databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Em Base database. The search was conducted from the establishment of the database until April 2022, literatures were selected using keywords such as musculoskeletal disorders and dentists. To extract gender, age, length of service, disease classification and other related influencing factors as indicator, and prevalence was selected as the outcome indicator. After evaluating the quality of the literatures, RevMan 5.3 software was used to calculate the combined RD (95%CI) values of the included literatures. Results: A total of 15 articles were included, with a total sample size of 3646 people. Meta analysis results showed that the prevalence of WMSDs among dentists in China was 80%, and the top three parts of the incidence rates were 65% of the waist, 58% of the neck, and 50% of the back. Gender, age, length of service, region and disease classification all increased the risk of WMSDs, and the combined effect size were 75%, 78%, 71%, 77% and 82% respectively (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The occurrence of WMSDs among dentists in China is related to multiple factors such as gender, age, length of service and disease classification. The above risk factors should be taken into account in the workplace and preventive measures should be actively implemented to prolong the working life of dentists.
Subject(s)
Humans , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Factors , China/epidemiology , DentistsABSTRACT
Background China's automobile manufacture is a labor-intensive industry, and most of the welding tasks are manual operations. It is often necessary to observe the solder joints during operation, and there are many adverse health outcome-related factors involved in the work process. However, the research on the prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the upper back of welders is still insufficient. Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of WMSDs in the upper back of welders from an automobile factory. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A cluster random sampling method was used to select 972 electric welders from an automobile factory as the study subjects. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to estimate the prevalence of WMSDs in the upper back in the past year. Results The prevalence rate of WMSDs in the upper back in the welders was 42.2% (410/972). The positive rates of studied occupational risk factors were 72.5% (705/972) for maintaining same posture for a long time, 71.8% (698/972) for bending and twisting for a long time, and 64.7% (629/972) for repetitive trunk movements. The univariate analysis showed that the prevalence rates of WMSDs were significantly different among workers categorized by gender, working age, twisting and/or bending for a long time, working in the same position for a long time, lifting heavy objects in an uncomfortable position, repetitive trunk movements, being unable to exert energy due to discomfort, work involving cold or temperature changes, personnel shortage, no rest between work, working hours per week, and working in an uncomfortable position (P<0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression indicated that female, working in the same position for a long time, working in an uncomfortable position (frequently), lifting heavy objects in an uncomfortable position, and being unable to exert energy due to discomfort were associated with higher risks of reporting WMSDs in the upper back (OR=2.37, 1.46, 1.76, 1.44, and 1.50, respectively, P<0.05); the risk of reporting WMSDs in the upper back increased by 95%, 157%, and 196% for every 10 h increase in weekly working hours (41-50 h, 51-60 h, ≥61 h vs ≤40 h); adequate rest time was associated with a lower risk for WMSDs in the upper back (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.49-0.98). Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs in the upper back of welders in the automobile factory is high, and many occupational risk factors are involved. Measures should be taken for intervention and prevention.
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Background Long working hours is harmful to the physical and mental health of occupational groups, and should receive active attention. Objective To evaluate the current status of long working hours among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and explore its effects on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the population. Methods From March to June 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1433 operation and maintenance workers from 10 power supply enterprises in Jilin Province, Shandong Province, and Tianjin Municipality using cluster sampling. A total of 1433 copies of revised Mus-culoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire were distributed, 1343 questionnaires were recovered, and the recovery rate was 93.72%. The questionnaire included general information, personal health behaviors, weekly working hours, work-related factors, and musculoskeletal pain or discomfort in nine body parts in the past 12 months. χ2 test and multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationships between long working hours (>40 h per week) and WMSDs. Results The average age of the workers was (39.42±9.89) years, and the average work experience was 11.00 (5.00, 21.00) years. There were 1158 males (86.22%) and 185 females (13.78%). The average weekly working hours of the workers were (47.98±11.35) h, and the proportion of long working hours (>40 h per week) was 61.06% (820/1343). The proportions of long working hours were higher among the workers with characteristics of male, power distribution, shift work, often/very often long-time standing, often/very often holding awkward postures, often handling heavy objects, limited space to operate, long-time neck tilting backward, keeping arms above shoulders, frequent elbow bending, repeating knee movement every minute, and repeating lower limb or foot movement every minute (all P<0.05). The prevalence rate of WMSDs was 81.53% (1095/1343) among the workers. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that after adjusting education, smoking, exercise, awkward postures, often handling heavy objects, limited space to operate, long-time heavy trunk bending, long-time neck tilting backward, and keeping arms above shoulders, compared with working ≤40 h per week, the risk of WMSDs among workers working >49 h per week was higher (OR=1.406, 95%CI: 1.011-1.955). Conclusion Long working hours is prominent among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and increases the risk of reporting WMSDs.
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Background Operation and maintenance work in the power grid industry often involving climbing, manual handling, and poor postures causing serious problems like work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The influencing factors of WMSDs are not very clear, but the problem has been widely concerned in this industry. Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs among climbing task-involved workers in power supply enterprises. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 702 workers involving climbing task from 10 power supply enterprises in Jilin Province, Tianjin Municipality, and Shandong province were selected as study subjects using cluster sampling. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire which was revised by Lei Yang was used to estimate the prevalence and identify related factors of WMSDs. \begin{document}$ {\chi
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Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are one of the major occupational health problems in the world. Pharmaceutical industry is an important part of China's national economy. At present, there are few related studies reported at home and abroad. Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical industry. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among all workers from three chemical pharmaceutical enterprises in Guangzhou. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic characteristics, symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders, types of work, work organization, and and work postures. Multiple logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical workers. Results In this study, 563 workers were selected as subjects. The total prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in the chemical pharmaceutical workers was 43.9% (247/563), and the leading body part-specific prevalence rate from high to low was 34.3% in the lower back, 24.3% in the upper back, 24.0% in the shoulders, and 23.8% in the neck. The prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts (30.0%) was 2.16 times higher than that in single body part (13.9%), and the prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in four body parts was the highest (11.4%). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 years (reference age <30 years) (OR=2.140, 95%CI: 1.054-4.345), often or very often (reference never/rarely) long-time head rotating (OR=2.695, 95%CI: 1.753-4.142) and long-time keeping arms above shoulders (OR=1.902, 95%CI: 1.108-3.265) increased the risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms (P<0.05). Regarding education level, workers with high school and technical secondary school (OR=0.333, 95%CI: 0.175-0.636) or college and above (OR=0.413, 95%CI: 0.216-0.790) education had a lower risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms than those with middle school or below (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of reporting WMSDs symptoms in chemical pharmaceutical industry is high, the involving body parts are lower back, upper back, shoulders, and neck, and reporting simultaneous occurrence of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts is common. The chemical pharmaceutical manufacturers can reduce the risk of WMSDs by strengthening the training on workers' ergonomics knowledge, paying attention to the less educated personnel, protecting the elderly workers, and avoiding awkward work postures, like rotating head for a long time and raising arms over shoulders.
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Background Furniture manufacturing is one of the typical labor-intensive industries, and workers in this industry face a high risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), which seriously affect the physical and mental health of workers. Objective To explore the prevalence and potential risk factors of WMSDs among workers in a large-scale furniture manufacturing factory. Methods A cross-sectional study of 3431 workers in a furniture factory in Guangdong Province was conducted from September to December 2019. Information including reported WMSDs in various body parts in the past year, demographic characteristics, work organization factors, job characteristics, and work postures was collected by an electronic version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. Pearson χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors leading to WMSDs. Results The overall prevalence rate of WMSDs was 32.12% (1102/3431). The most common WMSDs symptoms occurred in the neck (16.85%), followed by the feet (15.27%), shoulders (14.81%), and hands (14.25%). The prevalence rates of WMSDs in the neck, shoulders, elbows, hands, legs, and feet were significantly different among different types of work (P<0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that individual factors, work organization factors, job characteristics, and awkward work postures were associated with the frequency of reporting WMSDs in specific parts of workers. Comparatively poor physical health (including moderate, poor, and very poor) was positively correlated with neck, shoulder, hand, and foot WMSDs (OR=1.479-4.077); working with an uncomfortable posture (OR=1.983) and doing the same task almost every day (OR=1.783) were positively correlated with neck pain; doing the same task almost every day (OR=2.408) and neck twisting for a long time (OR=1.830) were positively correlated with shoulder pain; bending wrists up and down frequently (OR=1.948) and bending wrists for a long time (OR=2.081) were positively correlated with hand pain; prolonged standing (OR=1.953) and often working overtime (OR=1.627) were positively correlated with feet pain; sufficient rest time was negatively correlated with WMSDs in the neck, shoulders, hands, and foot (OR=0.544-0.717). Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs in furniture manufacturing workers is relatively high, and neck, feet, shoulders, and hands are the most involved body parts. The frequency of reporting WMSDs is related to individual factors, work organization factors, job characteristics, and awkward work postures.
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Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are chronic and cumulative disorders that are affected by multiple ergonomic factors. They are widespread in occupational populations and have a high prevalence. They have caused a substantial economic and social burden, which has become a major occupational health problem worldwide. The mechanism of WMSDs needs to be clarified. More authoritative and unified diagnostic criteria and specific therapeutic drugs are required. Therefore, an in-depth epidemiological investigation on WMSDs involving occupational ergonomics is of great scientific value and practical significance, which aims to improve hazard identification and ergonomic load risk assessment and to facilitate the prevention, control, and intervention of WMSDs. This article introduced the concept, status report, risk factors, ergonomic assessment methods, and preventive measures of WMSDs. This special column on "occupational ergonomics and work-related musculoskeletal disorders" presented the prevalence and related risk factors of WMSDs in different industries, as well as working condition simulation studies for specific tasks, aiming to provide objective and detailed scientific data for the prevention and control of WMSDs.
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Objective@#This single-subject case study was done to evaluate the presence and evaluate the risk factors for the development of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) among the staff performing bronchoscopy in the bronchoscopy suite.@*Methods@#A single-subject case study to describe the ergonomic issues in bronchoscopy including identifying multiple factors that can potentially, either singly or in combination, affect physical work capacity. The study focused on the evaluation and control of occupational factors during bronchoscopy to improve awareness of ergonomic issues in bronchoscopy using the following data collection tools: 1) hierarchical task analysis, 2) activity sampling, 3) direct observation of the procedure (walk-around), 5) structured interview of the subject, and 5) utilization of checklists.@*Results@#During the process of bronchoscopy, identified factors that can cause pain in the wrists, fingers, and shoulders include repetitive movement and awkward positions of the hands and wrists coming from the need to move the directional controls and position the bronchoscope. For the back, prolonged standing with awkward postures is a concern. For the neck, the need to look at the monitor which is situated at the side of the patient and frequent shifting of the eyes and head from the monitor to the patient can cause neck pain and stiffness. Aside from the above, other factors would include job stress from the workload, inadequate time for rest and recovery, and the possibility of an uncomfortable environment due to poor air quality. Chronic exposure and repeated injury followed by inflammation and repair lead to structural and biochemical changes in the tissues affected by Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) leading to the development of WMSDs.@*Conclusion@#Although CTDs do not account for work-related deaths, they do account for a significant amount of human suffering, loss of productivity, and economic burden on the compensation system. Thus, ergonomic concerns must be addressed early to prevent WMSDs/CTDs.
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Bronchoscopy , Occupational HealthABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the characteristics of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among sonographers in Guangdong Province, and to explore the disease pattern of the cases. Methods A total of 512 sonographers from 31 hospitals in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using stratified cluster sampling method. The prevalence of WMSDs in the past year was investigated using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the characteristics of WMSDs were analyzed. Latent class analysis was used to identify the disease pattern of WMSDs. Results The overall prevalence of WMSDs was 94.3%. The top five affected body parts were right shoulder, neck, right hand/wrist, lower back and right forearm/elbow, with the prevalence of 80.3%, 75.4%, 61.1%, 55.5% and 45.3%, respectively. The prevalence of WMSDs was higher on the right side for the shoulder, hand/wrist, forearm/elbow, hip/leg and knee compared with the left side (80.3% vs 31.3%, 61.1% vs 13.9%, 45.3% vs 10.0%, 17.4% vs 8.6%, 13.1% vs 8.4%, all P<0.05). The prevalence of WMSDs increased with work years, as well the prevalence of WMSDs in the top five affected body parts among the sonographers (all P<0.05). However, there were no statistical differences in prevalence of WMSDs between general hospitals and maternal and child health hospitals, tertiary hospitals and non-tertiary hospitals, Pearl River Delta hospitals and non-Pearl River Delta hospitals; there was also no statistical difference between different genders and age groups of the sonographers (all P>0.05). The best-fit latent disease pattern for sonographers WMSDs comprised three categories： symptom of neck-right shoulder, symptom of neck-lower back-right shoulder-right elbow-right hand/wrist, and symptom of multi-parts above the knees, with the latent probabilities of 0.438, 0.427 and 0.135, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs in sonographers is extremely high, with a dose-effect relationship with work years. The most common affected parts are neck, lower back and right shoulder, right hand/wrist, and right forearm/elbow. The prevalence of WMSDs in the right side of limb was higher than that in the left. WMSDs primarily occur in multiple parts simultaneously. The most common symptoms occur in the neck-right shoulder and neck-lower back-right shoulder-right elbow-right hand/wrist.
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Objective: To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, assess its relationship with ergonomic load and overall exposure levels. Methods: A total of 272 ICU nurses from two tertiary hospitals in a city were selected as the research subjects using convenient sampling method. The Chinese Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs among the ICU nurses. The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) was used to assess the ergonomic load on the back, shoulder/arm, hand/wrist, and neck during different clinical nursing operations. Results: The annual prevalence of WMSDs was 75.7% among ICU nurses. The annual prevalence of WMSDs in different body parts, from high to low, was as follows： lower back, neck, shoulder/arm, back, knee, hip/leg, hand/wrist, ankle/foot, and elbow (54.8% vs 43.4% vs 40.8% vs 36.0% vs 21.3% vs 19.9% vs 18.8% vs 18.4% vs 8.1%, P<0.01). ICU nurses had the highest QEC scores on the back (dynamic), shoulder/arm, hand/wrist, and neck with assisting patient turning (all P<0.05) among the six clinical nursing items. During the operation of patient turning, patient lifting, patient bathing, and bed sheet changing for bedridden patients, the back (dynamic) and shoulder/arm were at a high load level, while the hand/wrist and neck were at a mild load level. When nurses were providing tracheostomy care and oral care for intubated patients, their back (static), shoulder/arm, hand/wrist, and neck were at a mild load level. The overall exposure rate for assisting patient turning, patient lifting, oral care for intubated patients, bed sheet changing for bedridden patients, patient bathing, and tracheostomy care were 77.8%, 66.5%, 63.6%, 60.2%, 58.5%, and 57.4%, respectively. The risk for assisting patient turning was classified as level four, while the risk for other clinical nursing items was level three. Conclusion: The prevalence of WMSDs in ICU nurses is high. Both ergonomic load level and total exposure rate of back, shoulder/arm, hand/wrist and neck were high during clinical nursing operations.
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Objective: To analyze the current status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain in Chinese occupational population, and to study the relationship between work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain and WMSDs. Methods: A total of 66 961 employees from 323 enterprises in 15 key industries in China were selected as the study subjects using stratified cluster sampling method. The incidence of WMSDs in the past year was investigated using the Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain were investigated using Borg 6-20 Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale and visual analogue scale. The data were standardized using the age composition data of 18 to 60 years from the seventh national population census. Results: The standardized annual incidence of WMSDs was higher in the front-line workers than that in the administrative and other supportive staff (38.82% vs 36.30%). The detection rates of work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain in the study subjects were 44.54% and 63.08%, respectively. The result of S-curve fitting showed that the risk of WMSDs increased with the level of work fatigue (P<0.01). Among the front-line workers, the average of monthly fatigue frequency in the neck, shoulder, lower back, upper back, wrist/hand, foot and ankle, knee, leg, and elbow were higher in the group with WMSDs compared to those without WMSDs (all P<0.01). The pain degree of musculoskeletal pain was higher in all nine sites in the fatigued group than in the no-fatigue group (all P<0.01). The standardized detection rate of musculoskeletal pain was higher in the fatigued group than in the non-fatigued group (80.38% vs 25.71%). The work fatigue was moderate and positively correlated with musculoskeletal pain in all seven sites except the lower back and elbow, with Kendall Tau-b correlation coefficients ranging from 0.423 to 0.546 (all P<0.01). Conclusion: There is a good correlation between work fatigue and local musculoskeletal pain, work fatigue and WMSDs in Chinese occupational population. Implementing ergonomic interventions to control the development of work fatigue can be an effective measure for preventing WMSDs.
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Background: The least attention is given to the real heroes of the hospital is the Class 4 workers are associated with a lot of duties of lifting and transferring patients and are at risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of WMSDs in 9 body regions among Class 4 workers of tertiary care hospitals and ergonomics assessment of their exposure to risk factors for the development of WMSDs. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 148 Class 4 workers (male: 99; female: 49 Age: >23 years) from tertiary care hospitals. A structured questionnaire comprises demographic questions, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire-Extended for WMSDs assessment in nine body parts and quick exposure check (QEC) method for ergonomic assessment, and new job stress scale for assessing job-related stress. The prevalence of WMSDs for each body region was determined. Results: Respondents’ mean age was 31.3 years (SD = 9). Point prevalence for WMSDs was high in regions like the lower back (43.8%), followed by the knee (40.8%), and shoulder (34.4%). Among 49 female respondents, 25 reported lower back pain (51%), and 20 reported neck pain (41.6%). Among 99 male respondents, 25 reported lower back pain (25.5%) while 22 reported knee pain (22.2%). QEC assessment showed that level of exposure to WMSDs risk was high among 50% of the study population. Conclusion: The lower back and knee were the most affected areas among Class 4 workers. Moreover, QEC findings warned the level of exposure to WMSDs risks is high.
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Objectives: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common occupational health problem accounting for a larger number of compensation days and disability among workers. An invisible workforce of female domestic workers (FDWs) is involved in back-breaking jobs in the informal job sectors, and yet, there are no studies to quantify their work-related MSD’s (WMSDs). The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of WMSDs among FDWs employed at private houses in Bengaluru, South India. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 408 randomly selected FDWs with a comparative group. The trained interviewer assessed WMSDs using a standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire and psychosocial distress using the general health questionnaire–12. Results: A high prevalence of WMSD was reported in the neck (19.6%), shoulder (23.8%), elbow (12%), upper back (31.9%), and ankle (26%) in domestic workers than the non-domestic workers. Age above 37 years (AOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.03–3.06), house cleaning ([>1715 h/year – AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.60–2.84] [1714–555 h/year – AOR: 1.30, 95% CI:0.66–2.59]), and clothing ([Care >1460 h/year – AOR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.12–5.35] [109–1459 h/year – AOR: 1.98, 95% CI: 0.95–4.10]) were factors associated with neck pain in FDW. Moreover, work experience of more than 10 years (AOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.32–3.34) and distress (AOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.25–3.61) was a factor associated with lower back pain in FDW. Conclusion: FDWs are substantially affected by WMSDs in the neck and lower back due to house cleaning and clothing care tasks performed in the workplace setting, respectively
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@#Abstract: - （ ） ， Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are common occupational diseases in construction workers which have a high prevalence rate and involve a large number of construction workers. WMSDs affect daily work and quality of life of ， patients leading to absenteeism and burden. The main body parts of construction workers suffering from WMSDs are lower back/ ， ， ， ， ， waist neck shoulder knee elbow and hand/wrist and most of the patients are complicated in multiple sites. The prevalence ， of WMSDs varies by site with the lower back/waist being the most common sites. The influencing factors of WMSDs in （ ， ， ， ， ， construction workers mainly include individual factors age years of work gender smoking status sleep habits physical ， ）， （ ， ， ， fitness and physical exercise etc. occupational factors work load job type working posture work organization and ， ） management working environment and social psychological factors. The incidence of WMSDs is the result of multiple factors. ， ， Therefore tertiary prevention is the key to the prevention and control of WMSDs especially the etiological prevention. Chinese ， construction industry is in the period of rapid development and the demand of construction workers is large. It is urgent to carry out epidemiological and intervention studies on WMSDs for construction workers to guide the formulation of relevant guidelines and measures for prevention and control of WMSDs.
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@#Abstract: - （ ） ， Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are common occupational diseases in construction workers which have a high prevalence rate and involve a large number of construction workers. WMSDs affect daily work and quality of life of ， patients leading to absenteeism and burden. The main body parts of construction workers suffering from WMSDs are lower back/ ， ， ， ， ， waist neck shoulder knee elbow and hand/wrist and most of the patients are complicated in multiple sites. The prevalence ， of WMSDs varies by site with the lower back/waist being the most common sites. The influencing factors of WMSDs in （ ， ， ， ， ， construction workers mainly include individual factors age years of work gender smoking status sleep habits physical ， ）， （ ， ， ， fitness and physical exercise etc. occupational factors work load job type working posture work organization and ， ） management working environment and social psychological factors. The incidence of WMSDs is the result of multiple factors. ， ， Therefore tertiary prevention is the key to the prevention and control of WMSDs especially the etiological prevention. Chinese ， construction industry is in the period of rapid development and the demand of construction workers is large. It is urgent to carry out epidemiological and intervention studies on WMSDs for construction workers to guide the formulation of relevant guidelines and measures for prevention and control of WMSDs.
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@#Abstract: - （ ） ， Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are common occupational diseases in construction workers which have a high prevalence rate and involve a large number of construction workers. WMSDs affect daily work and quality of life of ， patients leading to absenteeism and burden. The main body parts of construction workers suffering from WMSDs are lower back/ ， ， ， ， ， waist neck shoulder knee elbow and hand/wrist and most of the patients are complicated in multiple sites. The prevalence ， of WMSDs varies by site with the lower back/waist being the most common sites. The influencing factors of WMSDs in （ ， ， ， ， ， construction workers mainly include individual factors age years of work gender smoking status sleep habits physical ， ）， （ ， ， ， fitness and physical exercise etc. occupational factors work load job type working posture work organization and ， ） management working environment and social psychological factors. The incidence of WMSDs is the result of multiple factors. ， ， Therefore tertiary prevention is the key to the prevention and control of WMSDs especially the etiological prevention. Chinese ， construction industry is in the period of rapid development and the demand of construction workers is large. It is urgent to carry out epidemiological and intervention studies on WMSDs for construction workers to guide the formulation of relevant guidelines and measures for prevention and control of WMSDs.
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@#Abstract: - （ ） ， Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are common occupational diseases in construction workers which have a high prevalence rate and involve a large number of construction workers. WMSDs affect daily work and quality of life of ， patients leading to absenteeism and burden. The main body parts of construction workers suffering from WMSDs are lower back/ ， ， ， ， ， waist neck shoulder knee elbow and hand/wrist and most of the patients are complicated in multiple sites. The prevalence ， of WMSDs varies by site with the lower back/waist being the most common sites. The influencing factors of WMSDs in （ ， ， ， ， ， construction workers mainly include individual factors age years of work gender smoking status sleep habits physical ， ）， （ ， ， ， fitness and physical exercise etc. occupational factors work load job type working posture work organization and ， ） management working environment and social psychological factors. The incidence of WMSDs is the result of multiple factors. ， ， Therefore tertiary prevention is the key to the prevention and control of WMSDs especially the etiological prevention. Chinese ， construction industry is in the period of rapid development and the demand of construction workers is large. It is urgent to carry out epidemiological and intervention studies on WMSDs for construction workers to guide the formulation of relevant guidelines and measures for prevention and control of WMSDs.
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Background The occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in coal mine workers remains high, and psychological factors are one of the important factors. Objective To explore the occupational stress level, mental health status, and prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of coal miners in Xinjiang, and to analyze the effects of occupational stress and mental health on WMSDs. Methods From August 2018 to August 2019, 1300 workers of 4 coal mines were selected by cluster sampling method. Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Scale, Self Reporting Inventory (SCL-90) were used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs, occupational stress, and mental health. Results A total of 1177 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid rate of 90.5%. The prevalence rate of WMSDs was 66.4%, the positive rate of occupational stress was 50.2%, and the positive rate of psychological symptoms was 53.4%. The M (P25, P75) ERI score was 1.0 (0.9,1.2), and the M (P25, P75) SCL-90 score was 138.0 (117.0,184.0). The prevalence rate of WMSDs in ≥3 sites was 45.0% in the occupational stress group and 46.0% in the positive psychological symptoms group. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that reporting occupational stress (OR=1.835, 95%CI: 1.380-2.440) and positive psychological symptoms (OR=1.461, 95%CI: 1.083-1.969) were positively associated with the prevalence of WMSDs; those being female (OR=2.393, 95%CI: 1.544-3.709), aged≥30 years (OR30-＜40=2.344, 95%CI: 1.507-3.645; OR40-＜50=2.395, 95%CI: 1.541-3.723; OR50-60=5.115, 95%CI: 2.872-9.111), with length of service>15 years (OR=2.283, 95%CI: 1.537-3.392), and being coal diggers (OR=1.591, 95%CI: 1.070-2.365) showed higher risks of reporting WMSDs; those with education level at high school and above (ORhigh school=0.399, 95%CI: 0.279-0.571; ORcollege and above=0.220, 95%CI: 0.157-0.310), and monthly income>8000 yuan (OR=0.364, 95%CI: 0.227-0.582) showed lower risks of reporting WMSDs. The results of structural equation model showed that in model 1 with mental health as the intermediate variable, occupational stress and mental health directly affected WMSDs, and the standardized path coefficients (β) were 0.10 and 0.25 respectively; ERI also directly affected mental health with a β of 0.20. In model 2 with WMSDs as the intermediate variable, ERI and WMSDs directly affected mental health, and the β values were 0.16 and 0.25 respectively; ERI also directly affected WMSDs with a β of 0.16. Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs in selected coal mine workers is high, and occupational stress and mental health affect the occurrence of WMSDs.
ABSTRACT
Background Neck-shoulder pain is one of the most common discomfort symptoms among nursing staff, mostly caused by a heavy workload, restricted workstation, and prolonged poor posture. Objective To investigate the prevalence of neck-shoulder pain among nursing staff in tertiary general hospitals in Hunan Province, and to analyze workload-related risk factors. Methods From October to December 2018, a multi-stage stratified randomized cluster sampling method was adopted to select a total of 1 200 nursing staff who met the inclusion andexclusion criteria in six tertiary general hospitals from five geographic subdivisions of Hunan Province were selected. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, and past 1-month prevalence of neck-shoulder pain, a neck disability index (NDI) was used to assess the impact of neck pain on daily life, and functional disability was graded by the index of impaired neck function; a self-designed questionnaire was adopted to evaluate potential workload-related risk factors (working time, postural load, and force load) of neck-shoulder pain after a Delphi expert consultation. A total of 1 161 valid questionnaires were returned, and χ２test and logistic regression model were used to screen the potential risk factors for neck-shoulder pain. Results The prevalence rate of neck-shoulder pain in the past 1 month was 87.5% (1 016/1 161) and varied by different characteristics of the nursing staff, ranging from 76.9% to 91.2%. The scores of the 10 items of the NDI ranged from 0 to 5, but most of them were 0, 1, and 2; of the 10 items, neck pain had the greatest impact on sleep (1.30±1.21) and the least impact on self-care behaviors (0.35±0.65). The index of impaired neck function showed that the majority (65.4%) of nurses had mild cervical spine dysfunction and 30.1% had moderate cervical spine dysfunction. The univariate analysis results revealed that 24 out of the 31 workload-related risk factors had significant differences, and further multiple analysis results showed that three variables entered the logistic regression model. Under the same conditions, nurses with ≥5 h of cumulative head-down tasks per shift had 3.03 times higher neck-shoulder pain risks compared with those with ＜1 h. Compared with “occasionally or never”, nurses who “sometimes” and “often” tilted their necks back and maintained this posture for a long time showed 2.36 and 2.94 times higher risks for neck-shoulder pain respectively. The nurses who reported “sometimes” and “often” having difficulty using their force at work due to unnatural posture had 2.78 times and 7.08 times higher neck-shoulder pain risks than those who “occasionally or never” respectively. Conclusion The reported rate of neck-shoulder pain among nurses in tertiary general hospitals in Hunan Province is high, but most of them are mild dysfunction. Working hours and posture load may affect the risk of neck-shoulder pain.